impresonment is more humane than capitol punishment :: essays research papers

â€Å"Norma Rae† is a film dependent on a genuine story set in a Southern plant town. The title character and individual plant laborers start a part of the Textile Workers Union of America using authority. The two characters of Norma Rae and Reuben Warshofsky consolidate their gifts to enable and lead the individuals of the factory from discouraged laborers to proactive endorsers. When Rueben first happens upon the town, he finds the chiefs of the factory harsh to their laborers. Individuals have no rights. They make little wages. They work extended periods of time. Rueben begins the upset for the plant laborers by motivating Norma Rae through Superleadership. Norma Rae thus engages and inspires the plant laborers to achieve their shared objective: an association. Superleadership happens when a pioneer drives others to lead themselves. Superleadership is fitting for Reuben Warshofsky on the grounds that it applies well to authoritative pioneers. Reuben is a delegate of the Textile Workers Union of America. He came to Norma Rae’s town to begin an association at her plant. For his business to succeed, Reuben should have the option to begin the call for association, and leave the territory sure that the reason is in acceptable hands. Superleadership is intended to encourage the pioneer inside each person. A pioneer who practices Superleadership isn't really a â€Å"charismatic† pioneer. He may have a set vision and incredible rhetoric abilities, however he doesn't prompt be followed or complied. He leads with the goal that others can lead themselves and better themselves all the while. Superleadership expands the HR of an association. On account of â€Å"Norma Rae,† it boosted Norma’s capacity to have a voice. In Superleadership, the force is shared. While Reuben began the association development, he imparted a common obligation to Norma Rae once she was up to speed. Supporters lead since they need to. They have a stake in what they do. They accept their activities are for a more prominent reason. A Superleader creates self-administration through remuneration and useful censure. He cultivates a domain where individuals can be allowed to investigate their capacities and increase trust in what they find. This condition is fundamental to Superleadership. Just in an open domain would this be able to sort of administration utilize the intensity and information on the devotees. It is the obligation of the Superleader to helpâ develop a group’s abilities once power is isolated among the adherents. Self-authority can be educated through Superleadership. Individuals are not â€Å"born† to lead. They need not be taught to be inspired or to learn. A Superleader gives a self-pioneer bearing. He orientates the individual with the circumstance and investigates the gifts and aptitudes important to take care of business. Reuben Warshofsky rehearses Superleadership on Norma Rae. He is a work coordinator searching for help in a town that is oblivious of associations. The principal individual he meets is Norma Rae. She is a thirty-one year-old average workers mother of three. She is inadequately taught and going no place quick. Her two kids were by two unique men. Just toward the start of the film does she brake off her relationship with a wedded man. Men abuse her in her life. Her managers at work persecute her. They care not for her mom when she goes hard of hearing. They dismiss each endeavor Norma Rae makes to improve working conditions. She is a lady battered by life, however above everything she uncovers an intense comprehension of the world. â€Å"You lie with hounds, you get fleas.† She advises this to Reuben on their second gathering not long after the wedded man slapped her. Reuben sees this glint of life in her and offers her expectation when he says, â€Å"I think you’re to sh rewd for what’s happening to you.† Reuben in the end drives Norma to self-authority. Reuben tells Norma Rae the manner in which things could be at the plant and she is roused. He clarifies that the material business is the main business not unionized. Reuben says to individuals at the main church meeting that things won't change, â€Å"not except if you make it happen.† Reuben urges the individuals to go along with him and offer in the objective to unionize the plant. Norma Rae is the one in particular who acknowledges the demand from the start. Reuben gives Norma a voice. He shows her how to battle for an association. She begins by marking an association card. She at that point wears an association catch and passes out others. The lady before was pushed around and uneducated. Presently she is composing reports, making duplicates, and cold pitching her kindred specialists; for the purpose of the association. Reuben’s Superleadership stretches out to things outside of the association. She starts to peruse Dylan Thomas. She permits blacks and whites to visit her home together. Norma makes her ownâ decisions. Her cleric affronts her when he won't permit a bi-racial gathering and immediately, leaves the congregation. At the point when her new spouse is annoyed with her tedious work, she hollers back at him, and he regards her for it. Norma Rae no longer permits individuals to push her around. Her supervisors at work ceaselessly attempt to cause her to stop: they make endeavors at character death; they work her dad truly to death; through everything Norma Rae continues on. The administration posted a sign on the announcement load up to infuriate against association notion. They attempt to prevent her from replicating it and she reacts, â€Å"I began it, I’m going to complete it!† Norma Rae gives her self-initiative by confronting the administrators of the plant. She fills a more serious need that they can't vanquish. She advanced as an individual through Reuben’s direction. At the point when times were tense, he was there to commend her or to sit her down and berate her . She was captured not long after she replicated the notice board and she was in tears. Reuben disclosed to her that she had only a sample of what was to come. He arranged her for the fight, and gave her the aptitudes to battle it herself. The way ends up being a difficult task, yet Norma Rae can empower and persuade her supporters at the plant. She bears pressure from the executives, disdain from factory laborers and doubt from her better half, however she remains consistent with her objective. She persuaded individuals utilizing situational approaches. She changed certain parts of the circumstance so as to fit the necessities of the devotees. Her methods for inspiration were extraordinary and different, however it fit best under the title of the operant methodology. The operant methodology adjusts prizes and disciplines dependent on noticeable conduct. On the off chance that someone’s bearing, force, or tirelessness should be changed, a prize or discipline is conveyed. On account of Norma Rae, on the off chance that somebody helps the association, they can envision a more promising time to come. On the off chance that somebody precludes unionization from securing the plant, they will keep on working extended p eriods for resource pay. Norma Rae has her own arrangement of remunerations and disciplines. She knows the laborers at her factory. She addresses them as a companion, a companion who thinks about them by and by. Her prize can be a commendation or an inquiry concerning a friend or family member. Through Reuben she built up the capacity to impact individuals by methods for sweet talk. She constrains individuals to chip in their time for the association development with the goal that their youngsters can carry on with a superior life than they do. Norma knows whatâ makes individuals tick and she utilizes this information to persuade the individuals to her motivation. At the point when her dad bites the dust at the plant, he turns into an advanced saint to unite behind with expectations of a more promising time to come. The plant laborers follow Norma Rae not on the grounds that she is a holy person; they are aware of her speedy temper and sexual history. They follow her since she is enthusiastic about her motivation. The more certain Norma becomes in her job, the more she typifies her motivation. She doesn't profess to be anybody yet herself, however she holds the association to better expectations. She can order the devotion of her companions but stay equivalent to them. Her enthusiasm is the thing that forces them to follow. At long last she gives them their most prominent prize: they become an association. She yielded her jobâ€and nearly her marriageâ€to carry her objective to fulfillment. The association banter boiled down to a vote, 427 to 373 for an association. This nearby polling form likely picked up the extra required votes because of Norma’s most paramount snapshot of self-authority and inspiration. In the peak of the film, Norma Rae scribbles â€Å"union† onto a board and moves upon a table. The sign is held over her head for three long minutes. She remains on the table ready to forfeit all that she has for the association. She remains on the table holding up a word that is a guarantee for a superior life. On the table, terrified yet decided, she rouses her associates. Individually they turn off their machines. A story that one second was a hum of clamors and development is decreased to a stunning quietness. Norma exhibits the force an individual can need to persuade individuals when they accept so completely in their motivation. â€Å"Norma Rae† is a superb case of Superleadership and the inspiration methods of a pioneer. The excursion of the factory begins with Reuben Warshofsky and his effect on Norma Rae. She thusly increases self-administration and can utilize it to propel her friends to unionize. It is administration from the base up. It is a case of the courage of people when they can channel their capacity and sort out change. It is a case of the change that can be made when supported by the quality of numerous capable adherents.

Holy Spirit free essay sample

Soul Empowered Living Fall 2011 Holy Spirit Project This paper will incorporate Scripture, address subjects, research materials and individual experience as identified with the Holy Spirit. It is to be 5-6 pages long (least 5 full pages) and should address the accompanying inquiries: Who is the Holy Spirit? Use Scripture to portray the individual Holy Spirit. Talk about the Holy Spirits one of a kind attributes and character. At least 6 sacred text references are required. This section of the undertaking ought to be in any event 1 page long. What is the Activity of the Holy Spirit? Use Scripture to introduce the capacities and motivation behind the Holy Spirit. What is His job in the earth? What is His job in the congregation? What is his job in the life of the devotee? At least 6 sacred text references are required. This section of the undertaking ought to be at any rate 2 pages long. How has the Holy Spirit utilized individuals ever? Distinguish a character from Church History and detail how this individual was driven by the Holy Spirit in their life and service. We will compose a custom exposition test on Essence of God or then again any comparative subject explicitly for you Don't WasteYour Time Recruit WRITER Just 13.90/page Exploration materials for this part of the roject can be found in the Holy Spirit Research Center. This fragment of the undertaking ought to be in any event 1 page long. By what means can the Holy Spirit use me? Talk about your encounters with the Holy Spirit and what your relationship with Him has delivered in your life. How might you be better driven by the Holy Spirit later on as you seek after your picked occupation? This fragment of the task ought to be in any event 1 page long. The substance of the paper ought to be isolated among the four areas as expressed above, and follow these arrangement rules: Type utilizing Times New Roman (font),12 point text dimension) or Arial (textual style) 11 point (text dimension). One-inch edges on all sides Double-space Length is to be 5-6 pages (5 full pages least). Spot your complete name and the page number right Justified in the header of the paper. (The header ought to be h inch from the highest point of the page. ) (Text should begin one inch from the highest point of the page. ) Citations ought to observe standard MLA design. The paper is expected the seven day stretch of 10/31-11/4 when that your individual conversation by means of the drop confine D2L and as a Whole Person Assessment(WPA) curio. Inability to present the undertaking as a WPA curio will bring about a zero for the task. Respects Students ought to change the task as follows: The paper ought to be 7-8 pages long and should cover 2 models. One of the models must be a verifiable fgure, and one must be from the zone of the understudies major. (In the event that understudies don't have an announced major, at that point they ought to pick a field where they are intrigued and pick somebody in that field whom they might want to imitate as indicated by I Cor. 11:1 . )

Prerequisites for Marketing Essay

All together for any association or organization to effectively advertise their item there are sure essentials that must be met. The main thing required, is for there to be in any event two gatherings that have a specific need which isn't being met. It could be Senior that needs some day by day social outlet; and an Adult Day Care that is hoping to offer seniors a social outlet, remembered for this essential there must obviously be a trade coming to pass between the two gatherings; The Adult Day Care will offer the senior a social outlet in return for a repayment from the seniors Insurance. The subsequent essential clearly is for one gathering to have the longing, or the way to satisfy different gatherings needs. To wrap things up there should be a type of correspondence between the two gatherings, where every one learns of the others presence, and needs. A legislator running for Governor must discover what the individuals that live in the state he is running for need. On the off chance that the legislator feels that the individuals in the state need weed to be sanctioned then he should run battle promotions saying that he will legitimize cannabis. He ought to talk at school grounds, and hold occasions at places where there is known to be a high use of maryjane use. The lawmakers need is to become Governor; the people’s need is for pot to be authorized. The government official will have the option to encourage the people groups need in the event that they encourage his †deciding in favor of him. A purchaser that looks for exercise based recuperation, should initially ensure he has adequate assets to pay for his active recuperation. Either from his own private assets, or he has an Insurance that will take care of the expenses for his exercise based recuperation. At that point he should discover a recovery place that will offer him the particular exercise based recuperation that he needs. There are a few factors that an organization needs to investigate before picking wellbeing inclusion for its workers. The main thing is to check whether the representatives are eager to work without getting medical advantages. On the off chance that you can get great workers that don’t request medical advantages, at that point there is no requirement for the organization to go through the cash, giving them social insurance. On the off chance that the main way you can get great qualified workers, is by giving them medicinal services.

Porter forces model on Dell Company

Presentation Dell is a worldwide organization working in the PC business and the organization has made extraordinary progress in advertising its items in the worldwide markets. To keep up its market position the organization has left on assembling separated items by the use of inventive technologies.Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Porter powers model on Dell Company explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page Learn More The organization has concentrated on promoting its items in the worldwide market and to accomplish this methodology the administration has set up internet showcasing channels, retail locations and other remote associations (Ignatiuk, 2009). The situation of the organization in the PC business is clarified by porter’s five powers investigation. Use of Porter’s Five Forces Analysis to Dell Porter’s five powers give an investigation about the outside and inner situations of an association. The powers dissected by the Porte r’s apparatuses are: danger of new participants, haggling intensity of clients, dealing intensity of providers, and contention among rivals in the business. Dell has encountered these powers in the figuring business and these have given dangers and chances to the organization. Danger of new contestants Entry costs The expense of setting up a PC organization is high and numerous speculators have dreaded acquiring the colossal expenses of entering the market. Likewise, there are significant expenses engaged with advancing new items in the worldwide markets to improve acknowledgment. The market has been horrible to new contestants in light of the fact that the expenses of entering the market have been extremely high and this makes the current organizations to keep commanding the market (Ignatiuk, 2009). Speed of change There is incredible requirement for organizations to receive better innovations so as to modify starting with one items or framework then onto the next in the PC business. This has made it inconceivable for new organizations to enter the market since they come up short on the advancements required to alter starting with one item then onto the next (Ignatiuk, 2009). Sunk costs Starting up a PC industry requires enormous capitals. What's more, the financial specialists ought to have satisfactory money to support the business before benefits are made. Numerous organizations have thought that it was trying to continue them in the market on the grounds that there are significant expenses acquired before they begin making benefits (Gilad, 2011). Economies of scale The processing business requires fabricating items everywhere scale so as to make benefits. This has confined financial specialists from infiltrating the market since it is absurd to expect to enter the market when an organization fabricates little amounts of items. Organizations without enough capitals to create in huge amounts can't support themselves in the market in the long haul (Ko tler Lee, 2005).Advertising Looking for investigate paper on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Network impacts The clients for Dell items are scantily circulated and there is no single market with abundance grouping of clients to a degree that they can impact the promoting polices of the organization. The clients in the market have practically zero power over the costs and amount of items offered in the market (Lucas Kirillova, 2011). Notorieties Firms in the PC business are taking a shot at advancing their brands with the goal that they can keep up a significant level of notoriety. Shopper faithfulness is earned when the results of an organization have a decent notoriety. In that capacity, Dell has applied different techniques, for example, online retail showcasing, publicizing, and different procedures to advance its items (Lawton Michaels, 2001). Exchanging costs There are high exchanging costs for the purchasers in the PC business. Exchanging costs alludes to the additional costs that customers must cause to move from buying a specific item to another. For a client to change from utilizing Dell items to different items greater expenses will be brought about and this makes clients faithful to explicit organizations (Fields, 2004). Government limitations The legislature has energized a serious domain in the PC business to guarantee that organizations offer the best items at the most ideal costs. Intensity of information providers Supplier focus There are numerous providers in the PC business and there is no single provider with complete predominance on the gracefully of materials and types of gear. Numerous organizations have entered the market and are offering serious costs for their provisions. In this manner, the providers have no capacity to control the estimating of provisions in the market (Gilad, 2011). Value/efficiency of elective contribution There has been a solid rivalry among providers in the figuring business and this has made costs to be as low as could be expected under the circumstances. Numerous providers contend regarding bringing costs down to draw in more organizations. Dell has delighted in positive costs for its provisions and this makes the vast majority of its items to be sold at reasonable costs (Gilad, 2011). Relationship-explicit ventures Dell has put resources into a wide assortment of organizations which are connected. The organization fabricates PC equipment, programming, PC peripherals and other related items. Thusly, the organization has had the option to impact the providers in the market since it makes mass buys. Thusly, the organization has had the option to deal effectively for less expensive and top notch supplies in view of the control it has in the market (Kotler Lee, 2005).Advertising We will compose a custom research paper test on Porter powers model on Dell Company explicitly for you for just $16.05 $11/page L earn More Supplier exchanging costs Suppliers think that its hard to change starting with one organization then onto the next. This has been contributed by the significant expenses of advancing, entering new markets among other related costs (Lawton Michaels, 2001). Government restrictions There are not many limitations on the gracefully of PC gadgets. Numerous legislatures empower interest in innovations particularly in the PC business to guarantee new items are created. This has caused the improvement of serious items in the market. In this manner, input providers are allowed to make and sell their items locally and all inclusive (Kotler Lee, 2005). Contention among contenders The PC business has experience an exceptionally significant level of competition among the current firms. Item separation is a significant perspective in the business. Organizations in the business have created assortment of items which are separated as a method of advancing their market position in the worl dwide markets. There is free progression of data in the business and there is no particular organization with the syndication to fabricate explicit items. This expands the degree of rivalry particle the market (Lawton Michaels, 2001). Exchanging costs for buyers are low and this makes them change effectively from buying starting with one organization then onto the next. More firms are entering the market and the degree of focus is expanding. This has expanded the degree of rivalry in the market. To situate their items adequately in the market, firms in the business are concentrating on improving the nature of items, diminishing costs and assembling in huge amounts to appreciate economies of scale (Lawton Michaels, 2001). Determination Dell has a decent market position in the PC business and the administration should concentrate on proceeding with the procedures embraced. Danger of new contestants into the market is low and the organization ought not fear the passage of new organizat ions in both household and worldwide markets. Providers to the organization have low impact on the systems embraced by the organization. It is significant for the administration to concentrate on offering serious costs while guaranteeing that the nature of items is high. This must be accomplished by managing the exercises of the providers. Book reference Fields, G. (2004). Regions of Profit: Communications, Capitalist Development, and the Innovative Enterprises of G.F. Quick and Dell Computer. Stanford, CA: Stanford University Press. Recovered from Questia database: https://www.questia.com/read/108982845/regions of-benefit interchanges capitalistAdvertising Searching for look into paper on business financial aspects? How about we check whether we can support you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Find out More Gilad, B. (2011). Methodology without insight, knowledge without technique. Business Strategy Series. 12 (1). pp. 4-11. Ignatiuk, A. (2009). Investigation of Dell’s Business Strategy. Germany. Smile Verlag. Kotler, P. furthermore, Lee, N. (2005). Corporate social obligation: doing the most useful for your organization and your motivation. New Jersey: NJ, John Wiley and Sons. Lucas, M. T. also, Kirillova, O. M. (2011). Accommodating the asset put together and serious situating points of view with respect to assembling adaptability. Diary of Manufacturing Technology Management. 22 (2). pp. 189-203. Lawton, T. C., Michaels, K. P. (2001). Progressing to the Virtual Value Chain: Learning from the Dell Model. Irish Journal of Management, 22(1), 91+. Recovered from Questia database: https://www.questia.com/read/1P3-88097056/progressing to-the-virtual-esteem chain-gaining from This exploration paper on Porter powers model on Dell Company was composed and put together by client Ernest Cameron to help you with your own investigations. You are allowed to utilize it for research and reference purposes so as to compose your own paper; in any case, you should refer to it in like manner. You can give your paper here.

Efficient Markets Hypothesis(Financial Economics) Essay

Effective Markets Hypothesis(Financial Economics) - Essay Example The arbitrary development contention of powerless type of productivity may not be substantial contention as research examines have unmistakably laid out a positive connection between's level of tending saw in costs just as the timeframe. This along these lines plainly plots that the costs don't follow an arbitrary way but instead show certain patterns. It is in any case, basic to take note of that these period are not moderately long however slants do rise over certain timeframe. Conduct financial experts contend that business sectors are blemished in light of the social and psychological predispositions. Blemishes in the market rise because of these intellectual practices and as such markets may not productively work. These subjective inclinations rise because of presumptuousness, data and portrayal predisposition and other human blunders result into mistakes in decisions. These inclinations and human blunder doesn't permit financial specialists to esteem the stocks appropriately and all things considered, markets show wastefulness. These blunders frequently result into financial specialists purchasing the development stocks and disregarding esteem stocks and the individuals who can reason effectively can benefit out of this circumstance and thus can beat the market without any problem. Studies directed on the Indian Stock Exchange plots the frail type of wastefulness and proposed that the costs really don't follow arbitrary costs. Different nearby examinations in the creating nations have reliably demonstrated similar outcomes that the business sectors are powerless structure wasteful at any rate in the neighborhood creating markets. These examinations have plainly demonstrated that the business sectors may not be proficient in any type of effectiveness. These contentions have likewise been upheld by other observational investigations demonstrating that even the solid type of effectiveness doesn't exist. Stocks having low P/E proportions will in general give better yields and along these lines can permit speculators to procure anomalous returns whenever picked admirably. Financial specialists building up their investigations dependent on picking the stocks on P/E proportion can beat the market. It

What Rioters Are Reading This Week, Right Now

What Rioters Are Reading This Week, Right Now In this feature at Book Riot, we give you a glimpse of what we are reading this very moment. Here is what the Rioters are reading today (as in literally today). This is what’s on their bedside table (or the floor, work bag, desk, whatevskis). See a Rioter who is reading your favorite book? I’ve included the link that will take you to their author archives (meaning, that magical place that organizes what they’ve written for the site). Gird your loins â€" this list combined with all of those archived posts will make your TBR list EXPLODE. We’ve shown you ours, now show us yours; let us know what you’re reading (right this very moment) in the comment section below! Sarah Nicolas   Georgia Peaches and Other Forbidden Fruit by Jaye Robin Brown: At ALA, I marched right up to the HarperCollins booth and asked for this by name. I’ve seen some buzz from people with similar tastes. I’m 30% through and am worried for our girl Joanna. (ARC paperback) Of Fire and Stars by Audrey Coulthurst: While in that HarperCollins booth, I spotted this cover (Girls holding hands? Fantasy setting?), read the back, and raised a hopeful eyebrow at the rep, saying “Lesbian Princesses? I’ll take this one, too.” (ARC paperback) This Shattered World (Starbound #2) by Amie Kaufman and Meagan Spooner: I loved These Broken Stars and was browsing Overdrive when I saw this title and thought, oh yeah! Let’s see what happens next. (library digital audiobook) Tracy Shapley   Rule of the Bone by Russell Banks. I’m reading a bunch of books about drunks / sober people and Rule of the Bone came highly recommended. It’s certainly a unique book and so far I’m really digging it. (Paperback, library book) Between Shades of Gray by Ruta Sepetys. No, this has nothing to do with Fifty Shades of Gray. LitKit sent it to me in my monthly box and it’s about Soviet secret police, Lithuania, Siberia, and a bunch of other things I don’t know much about. It’s fantastic. (Paperback) Chronicle of a Last Summer: A Novel of Egypt by Yasmine El Rashidi. I’m only 20 or so pages into this book, which came highly recommended by a friend who’s got his finger on the pulse of Egyptian novels. Those 20 pages have been pretty fucking harrowing so I think I’m in for a ride on this one. (egalley) Deepali Agarwal   The Lively Library by Niranjan Navalgund: In keeping with my fascination for books about books, this one’s a debut novel by Navalgund, and features a library with (you guessed it) books that come alive, and a romance to boot. What’s not to like? (ARC paperback) The Association of Small Bombs by Karan Mahajan: Mahajan’s book pulls you in so quick and so hard, it’s hard to put down despite the words hitting quite close to home. (paperback) Kate Scott   Bad Feminist by Roxane Gay: It seems like every book blogger I know loves this book, so I think it’s high time I read it for myself. (Audiobook) Frackopoly by Wenonah Hauter: I’ve always been against fracking on environmental and health grounds, but I really want to deepen my understanding of the whole issue. (Hardcover) Elizabeth Allen The Fireman by Joe Hill: I’m a longtime Stephen King fan and felt it was time for my first Joe Hill.  It’s the type of book where I’m bummed out each time I have to stop listening.  Damn real life! (Audiobook) Lord of Scoundrels by Loretta Chase:  I’m diving into the world of romance for the first time with some personal recommendations Sarah MacLean gave me last year at Book Riot Live. (ebook) Rebecca Hussey   The Light of the World by Elizabeth Alexander: I’ve read a lot of grief memoirs, and it was high time I got to this one. It came highly recommended. (ebook) The Cauliflower by Nicola Barker: I received this through the LibraryThing Early Reviewers program. I’ve been meaning to read Barker for a while, so I jumped at the chance. (paperback ARC) Sharifah  Zainab Williams   The Queen of the Night by Alexander Chee: Im slowly but surely getting through the books on my shelves and Ive been wanting to read this for a while. Ive been burning through it, its so good. (Paperback) Broken Monsters by Lauren Beukes: This was a Get Booked recommendation. Ive been in the mood for creepy books. Whats creepier than finding a human torso sewn to a deers body? (Audiobook) Appetites by Anthony Bourdain: Ive read every Bourdain book out there, so I was excited when this came in the mail. Cant stop wont stop. (Hardcover) Finding the Flavors We Lost by Patric Kuh: Kuh is an L.A.-native food writer. My favorite kind of food writer. Im interested in reading what he has to say about the artisanal food movement. (ARC Paperback) Ashlie Swicker   A Study In Charlotte by Brittany Cavallaro: Because it was on sale, and someone mentioned Sherlock Holmes- his female descendant actually, buddying up with the descendant of John Watson to solve a murder for which they are the prime suspects. It’s a really interesting concept so far, and it’s helping me break my dreaded reading slump. (ebook) Derek Attig   TV (The Book): Two Experts Pick the Greatest American Shows of All Time by Alan Sepinwall and Matt Zoller Seitz (Grand Central, September 6): Two of my favorite critics taking a stab at a pantheon for American television? I’m totally in. If you’re on the fence, read the g-chat transcript of the two of them debating rankings for the top 5 shows. That should win you over. (egalley) Zoo City by Lauren Beukes: This title is getting a new paperback edition this August from Mulholland, and thank goodness. It’s just the kind of weird I love. (egalley) Aram Mrjoian The Mortifications by Derek Palacio (Tim Duggan Books, October 2016): Picked this one up BEA. I’m 80 pages in and already considering it one of the best books I’ve read this year. The prose is fantastic. (ARC) Nicole Brinkley   The Scorpion Rules by Erin Bow: After I saw the gorgeous paperback cover, I know I couldn’t put off reading this YA sci-fi any longer. In a futuristic world, after the near-collapse of humanity, the children of presidents and princesses are taken hostage and become the Children of the Peace, ready to die at a moment’s notice if their nations go to war and, maybe, preparing to fight the robot overlords that long ago set the rules of their world. It’s fascinating so far and has way, way more goats than I anticipated. (paperback) Jessica Woodbury   You Can’t Touch My Hair: And Other Things I Still Have to Explain by Phoebe Robinson: Why yes, the 2 Dope Queens podcast host really is as funny as you think she is. Actually funnier. (egalley) Kindred by Octavia E. Butler: Thank you, Audible sale, for giving me a really strong supply of classic backlist I’ve always meant to get to, including this one. (Audiobook) Moonglow by Michael Chabon: I download my electronic galleys and immediately forget about them so I accidentally started Michael Chabon’s upcoming novel without adequate mental preparation and we’ll see what happens. (egalley) Ashley Bowen-Murphy   Missing, Presumed by Susie Steiner: Yes, the advertisement for this book has been all over Book Riot’s homepage and yes, it worked on me. I’m desperately trying to find something to fill the Jane Casey-shaped hole in my heart. This one is close to that. (ebook) Bone Rooms: From Scientific Racism to Human Prehistory in Museums by Samuel J. Redman: I picked this up while visiting the Morbid Anatomy Museum in NYC in late June. I always pick up books in museum gift shops and it was easy to justify this one since it’s kind of dissertation adjacent. (hardback) Tasha Brandstatter   Too Hot To Handel (John Pickett Mysteries #5) by Sheri Cobb South: I mean, I would have picked up this book anyway because I’m a sucker for punny titles, but I adore this series and bought this book as soon as it came out. (ebook) The Attention Merchants: The Epic Scramble to Get Inside Our Heads by Tim Wu: Combines time management with technology and history, so obviously I’m going to be all over that. (egalley) Kristy Pasquariello   Ghosts by Raina Telgemeier: I was so excited to snag this ARC at ALA last weekend. My young library patrons will lose their minds when they find out I have this! (ARCpaperback ) Modern Lovers by Emma Straub: Now that my kids are finished with school, it finally feels like summer and this is my inaugural summer read. (library ebook) The View from the Cheap Seats by Neil Gaiman : Going on a day trip with my husband (and without my kids) and this is an entertaining choice we can agree to listen to on the drive. (audiobook) Teresa Preston   I Am No One by Patrick Flanery. I decided to read this because I’m a sucker for books about unreliable memory, but I’m not sure how I’ll end up liking it. So far, the narrator is not at all likable, and his tendency to pontificate is getting on my nerves, never mind some of his racist ideas. But I think we’re meant to dislike him, and I’m curious as to how it’ll all play out. (egalley) The Givenness of Things by Marilynne Robinson. Whether in novels or essays, Marilynne Robinson is always the best. I loved her essay on fear, so I’m eager to read the rest. (library hardcover) Jamie Canaves   Shrill: Notes from a Loud Woman by Lindy West: I’m always here to hear what “loud” women have to say so this was my Book Of The Month pick. (hardcover) The Murder of Roger Ackroyd by Agatha Christie: Agatha Christie is comfort read for me. (library ebook) The Hike by Drew Magary: 100% chosen for the cover and so far it’s weird and intense and if it takes a turn into banana-pants land I’m gonna be in heaven. (Viking, August 2nd, egalley)

Marxism in Les Miserables Victor Hugos Critique of Parisian Societal Structures - Literature Essay Samples

Karl Marx’s ideas regarding the constructions of an unequal society were already prominent when Victor Hugo published the first book of Les Miserables’s in 1862, with the release of The Communist Manifesto in 1848. In it, Marx states â€Å"The history of all previous societies has been the history of class struggle.† In 1800s, society was undergoing serious changes – the population was expanding faster than the economy, rural poverty was driving people to the cities, and from the French Revolution to the June Rebellion of 1832 Hugo depicts in his novel, France saw four different monarchs on the throne within forty years. As a result of these great changes, the people suffered, and those who suffered the most were, naturally, the proletariat. The characters within Les Miserables reflect the society, and its challenges, in the 1800s in France. Although the national proverb of France became â€Å"liberty, equality, and fraternity†, for the people of Pa risian society, this was not the reality. Hugo was concerned with portraying the struggles between social classes in Parisian society, and goes so far as to even state this in the preface to the novel. â€Å"So long as the three problems of the age – the degradation of man by poverty, the ruin of women by starvation, and the dwarfing of childhood by physical and spiritual night.† Hugo, much like Marx, wanted to eradicate these societal issues, and stated â€Å"so long as ignorance and misery remain on earth, books like this cannot be useless.† Hugo uses the novel to critique the societal structures of Parisian society and their rigidity, and in doing so presents some key Marxist ideas. In his novel Les Miserables, Hugo presents a need for a social equality in Parisian society. He presents ideas of Marxism through his presentation of the character of Jean Valjean, an ex-convict. When Valjean is released from prison, he is turned away at every door because he is a convict even though he has money to pay. He exclaims, â€Å"I am not even a dog!† This exclamation shows Valjean as being entirely dehumanised by his time in prison, by his conviction and becomes even lower than the base structure of society – he is left dehumanised and rejected by a society for being a convict (he is convicted for stealing bread, and then more years are added to his sentence for attempting to escape). To further this, Hugo states, â€Å"Liberation is not deliverance. A convict may leave the galleys but not his condemnation.† Once again displaying that a convict is no longer seen as a person after leaving prison, adding to the idea of dehumanisation through the class sy stem. Through Hugo’s narration, he gives the base structure a voice and in turn offers a non-conformist stance against the super structure. In his introduction to Les Miserables, Laurence Porter states â€Å"poverty dehumanises the poor [†¦] leading to [†¦] crimes that subject the underclass to a purely punitive prison system that offers no hope of rehabilitation.† Valjean is forced to steal because of poverty, (poverty being one of the three main issues Hugo outlines in his preface), and he is sent to prison for a minor crime and is dehumanised because of it. This idea of dehumanisation is in line with Marx’s belief that, according to critic Peter Singer, Marx believed that â€Å"economics is the chief form of human alienation,† presenting the idea that poverty leads to the loss of self, as is shown through the character of Jean Valjean. In giving a voice to the marginalised of society, however, Hugo could inadvertently be going against the pro letariat, as Hugo is a middle class writer, so through his narration he provides the poor with a sense of false hope rather than the voice they need. Hugo also addresses the need for equality through his presentation of women and children in Parisian society. The character of Fantine, for example, is forced into prostitution in order to make money to support herself and her daughter, Cosette. Hugo writes, â€Å"[slavery] still exists, but it weighs now only upon woman, and it is called prostitution†. The comparison of prostitution to slavery emphasises the awful circumstances women are forced into due to economic reasons. Hugo outlined in his preface to the novel that the suffering of women in society is also one of the three great problems of the age, â€Å"the ruin of women by starvation† – in early 1800s France, many women turned to prostitution for survival. Fantine is a representation of all these women forced into prostitution because they have no other choice. In a capitalist society her body becomes her means of ‘capital’, of profit and in doing so she becomes a commodity and objectifies h erself. He also goes so far as to say that Fantine has â€Å"aged ten years over night† in order to emphasise the horror of her degradation and exploitation. Marx stated that, â€Å"Difference of age and sex no longer have any distinctive social validity for the working class. All are instruments of labour, more or less expensive to use, according to their age or sex.† However, through his presentation, it could be argued that Hugo sees a division within the proletariat – he supports Marx’s idea that the working class are all instruments of labour, but he presents the idea that to be a proletariat woman is worse than simply being proletariat, since he goes so far as to compare prostitution to slavery. She becomes the ultimate instrument of labour as she becomes nothing more than an object to use and sell. Hugo also portrays the degradation of children in society through the unnamed sons of the Thenardiers, who are sold, and eventually end up homeless on t he streets of Paris. Their objectification and dehumanisation is emphasised when the children enter a public garden and a bourgeois man states, â€Å"Anarchy is entering the garden.† They are no longer seen as children anymore, but a nuance when they aren’t being used as a commodity. Through the entire novel, they go unnamed, which could make them the representation of any child who became an instrument of a labour, and in their case, end up homeless at the hands of society. Elsewhere in the novel, Hugo confronts ideas of revolution through the views of those of the ABC Society, whose aims are â€Å"republic†. He sides with these students immediately by stating, â€Å"they were a coterie, if coteries created heroes†, glorifying them with the modifier â€Å"heroes† and presenting their desire for revolution positively, thus supporting the need for change. The character Courfeyrac expresses the point, â€Å"I desire no kings †¦ a king is a parasite.† In early 1800s France, the country saw many monarchs being put and taken off of the throne, while the people had no vote in this – the revolution of 1789 was intended to remove the monarchy. The metaphor of a king being a â€Å"parasite† expresses the idea of the upper class feeding off the proletariat, which expresses a key Marxist idea of the bourgeoisie exploiting the proletariats beneath them. At the time, the gap between the rich and the poor was monumental à ¢â‚¬â€œ the aristocracy often enjoyed a quite carefree lifestyle, while the poor suffered. For example, in the late 1700s, climate and agriculture problems caused an increase in poverty, and in the early 1800s, Napoleon raised taxes in order to fund his wars, draining the money of not only the wealthy but the poor too. Hugo goes into great detail to present the reality of this poverty – how Jean Valjean is forced to become a criminal to survive, how Fantine has to become a prostitute in order to support herself and her daughter, and how the Thenardiers’ two unnamed sons are sold in order for them to have money to live. Hugo also writes of a member of the ABC Society, of revolution, â€Å"Enjolras expressed its divine right† – a metaphor presenting the divine right of revolution, in contrast with the king’s divine right to rule. By 1832, when this particular scene is set, France was ruled by the ‘citizen king’ Louis-Philippe, and the pe ople had grown tired of having one monarch being replaced by another – the people wanted a â€Å"republic†, rather than the reality of the bourgeoisie gaining while the proletariat lost out. Within his novel Ninety-Three, the narrative focuses on the Royalist counter-revolts during the French revolution, but the Hugo questions the Royalist need for a class hierarchy the character of Gauvain’s questioning of a Royalist’s belief. Through this, Hugo expresses his agreement with the right to rebel, which agrees with Marx’s idea of the necessary overthrow of the old system for a communist society. Hugo then presents the need of the proletariat’s support for change in society. When the character Enjolras, during Hugo’s depiction of the June Revolt of 1832, realises their revolt has failed, he states, â€Å"As for the people, they were boiling yesterday, but this morning they do not stir. Nothing to expect, nothing to hope [†¦] you are abandoned.† The repetition of â€Å"nothing† emphasises how the rebels at the barricade have no hope of succeeding. Enjolras realises that the reason their revolt will not succeed is because they no longer have the mass support of the proletariat behind their revolt. Critic Peter Singer, in his book titled Marx, expresses a part of Marx’s ideas on revolution: the force needed â€Å"to liberate humanity from its domination by economics is to be found in the working classes†. Therefore, Hugo presents the idea that the proletariat are needed in order to have any hope of changing society, but also conside rs how all classes have been repressed by society. Hugo writes, â€Å"Javert [†¦] sprang up, and fell straight into the darkness [†¦] disappeared under the water.† The use of the words â€Å"sprang up† is symbolic of Javert’s high position in society – as a police inspector. The verb â€Å"fell† is symbolic of Javert falling from his position of high status and below the base structure of society, to his death. Javert begins questioning his judgement and that of society’s when Jean Valjean, an ex-convict who Javert condemns, spares his life, and instead of facing this questioning he commits suicide. Through this Hugo also presents the idea that in order for there to be an equal society, the old order has to be overthrown – through Javert’s death, him symbolising the ‘old order’, then there is opportunity for social change. Similarly, within his novel The Hunchback of Notre Dame, the ‘gypsy’ E smerelda refuses to submit to the power of a religious figure, Frollo, and choses death – in doing so, she subverts the power of the superstructure and creates an opportunity for social change. By presenting the struggles of proletariat characters such as Valjean, an ex-convict, Fantine, a woman forced into prostitution by poverty, and children such as the Thenardiers unnamed sons, who are given away to be used as a commodity and are no longer seen as children, he goes far in critiquing the societal structures of Parisian society. However, he neglects to critique the role of religion within these social structures, disagreeing with Marxs point of religion is the opium of the people, Hugo being a religious man himself, although he critiques the power of religion in The Hunchback of Notre Dame through his presentation of Frollo. He portrays the need for revolution for an equal society, through his positive portrayal of those of the ABC Society, and a more so negative presentation of those with power, such as police inspector Javert. Through these portrayals and his social critique of Parisian societal structures, Hugo presents many significant Marxist ideas in Les Miserables.

Different Ways Parents Choose For Children s Children

There are several different ways parents choose to educate their children. For example, parents can send their child to a public or private school, have their child take online classes, or they may choose to homeschool their child. One might ask why parents would choose to homeschool their child rather than send them to schooling in a traditional classroom. There are several reasons parents have claimed that homeschooling is the better option. A main reason parents may choose to homeschool is to protect their child. While protection of children is very important, how does keeping the child constrained to their own home prepare them for the world around them? In order for people to be aware of the dangers of this world, they must†¦show more content†¦It may instead cause the child to want to rebel and get away from the house rather than stay in the protection of the parents. When a child attends school they learn how to deal with issues in the world because they are confronte d with them daily. They discover ways to notice trouble or how to get out of situations that may not be good because they have the practice. If children are homeschooled, they do not get the practice they need to be prepared to face the world around them. Another reason parents may choose to homeschool is to protect their child from being bullied. Bullying is becoming a significant problem in the United States today. There are horrible stories on the news daily about teenagers being bullied for no reason at their school. Again, protecting children is very important, but children and teenagers need to learn to fend for themselves. They must be able to stand up for themselves in times of trouble. The only way they will develop the skills to stand up to bullies is to be around them. Bullies will not only be in elementary and high school. There are mean people everywhere: in the work force, on the subway, even in-laws can be bullies on occasion. When people grow up in the presence of pe ople that are not always kind, they learn how to deal with them. They learn techniques on how to not be bothered by the bully. They learn how to defend themselves in situations that it is necessary. If a parent decides to homeschool their

Researching on Copyright Laws

Researching on Copyright Laws Copyright laws provide every author of the original work with the legal rights to control the copying, distributing or adapting his work. When you’re writing your research or any other paper, you have to be very careful when using information from the different sources so as not to violate copyrights. Unfortunately, it happens very often, as many people simply don’t have proper knowledge about copyright laws and unintentionally break them. You’ve made a very wise choice to write your research work on copyrighting, as you can tell your readers all the specific details of this issue and warn them of the violations in the future. In order to write a fascinating and informative article, you need to make in-depth research in this field and select the topic you would like to develop. I’ll try to guide you by suggesting several ways. Moreover, it will be a great pleasure for me if you will be inspired by my ideas and will go in your own original way. 1. Copyright laws for web pages. There are few methods, in which you can explain to your readers how to avoid any copyrighting issues, when building their web pages. They are: posting only original materials, public domain, fair use and linking. 2. Exposing copyrighting myths. Many people believe that copyright laws do not apply to the Internet. This has been caused by many myths about this matter. 3. Creative Commons licenses. They are four unique copyright licenses, which allow distributing the copyrighted work worldwide without changes and at no charge. 4. Criminal consequences. Infringement of copyright laws is a commitment of a civil crime and can lead to unpleasant consequences for the violator. It’s just a little piece of your opportunities in choosing a topic. Penetrate the subject and select what is most to your liking and I’m sure that you will write an outstanding research paper, which will be useful and interesting for everyone. Just remember before copying any material to ask yourself if you aren’t violating somebody’s rights.

Edgar Allen Poe s Style Of Drama And Personification

Edgar Allen Poe was one of the most well-known, albeit short-lived, authors and poets of the early 19th century. Regardless of his passing at the young age of 40, his works lives on to this very day. His style for writing in dramatic fashions and being the original horror author have left a mark on literature history. The short stories of The Raven and The Cask of Amontillado were some of the more well-known works of Edgar Allen Poe. Reading his past works it is noticeable that he only wrote in the first person or rather wrote using only I. This was one of the more common themes presented into his work. However, there are other methods that Poe practiced when writing both poems and short stories that are greatly influenced to new writers†¦show more content†¦Personification was a special style in some of Poe s later works as well. Another one of Poe s later works that uses the tool of personification is a personal favorite, The Tell-Tale Heart. This was another Gothic-style and horror writing that Poe was famous for. It also plays a considerable amount of personification writing style. Again Poe uses first person narration in this work to place himself in the story. The Tell-Tale Heart tells of Poe murdering an old man whom he had no prior qualms about. The old man had done nothing to him and he knew of that. Poe murders the old man and buries him in the flooring of the house. Poe describes that he does not hear the beating of the old man s heart anymore after the old man died. However as time moved on, he could hear beating sounds. While trying to debunk the sounds as nothing but mice in the floor of the house, he eventually starts to think otherwise. Despite all of his debunking of what it could possibly be, the sounds of the beating begin to taunt and torment Poe. The final paragraphs of the short story shows the torments that the beating does to Poe. As the torments continue, Poe comes to realization that the beating sound was the very heart of th e old man that he had murdered. The final line signifies what the heart is supposed to personify. Villains! I shrieked, Dissemble no more! I admit the deed!

Defending America in Cyberspace - 1512 Words

Based on a article on Encyclopedia Britannica, the Department of Homeland Security is an agency that takes care of national security. The some of the agencies under their belt is the Transportation Security Agency (TSA), Coast Guard, and US Customs and Border Protection. This department was created after 9/11 for the sole purpose of fighting terrorism. In 2003, the creation of the Department of Homeland Security swallowed the former Office of Homeland Security. Nowadays, the DHS is a key role in advising the President of counter-terrorism strategies. IV. Journal Article The article â€Å"Defending America in Cyberspace† in the journal The National Interest authored by Keith Alexander, Emily Goldman, and Michael Warner taught me much about how the Department of Homeland Security handles America’s cyber threats. The Department of Security is the lead agency in protecting America from domestic cybersecurity incidents. It stated how America fights Cyber crime and security threats. In this day and age, countries are very vulnerable to skilled hackers. Some of them not even under the age 18. It details some of the procedures that they use. Of course, they couldn’t detail them exactly because they are classified but it gives a rough sketch of what they do. A network of several computers sharing information. It also details how the Senate Intelligence Committee shares computers with the Central Intelligence Agency so that if the committee needs to investigate something, they can doShow MoreRelatedCyber Security : Arm ed Forces Sub Unified Command Of America1076 Words   |  5 PagesCYBER SECURITY RESERVES Unite state cyber reserve is armed forces sub-unified commands / commanded aiding Strategic Command of America . This command is stuated in Maryland , its supposed to ensures that all cyberspace operations are centralized , Its also responsible for the organization of available cyber resources and synchronizes defense of united states military networks . (Protect your workplace , report any abnormal behavior , activity , and cyber incidents . (2006 ) [Washington , D . CRead MoreThe Department Of Homeland Security1176 Words   |  5 Pagesoverall mission of the DHS is broken down into five broad missions: the prevention of terrorism and enhancement of the nation’s security, securing and managing the nation’s borders, enforcement and administration of immigration, the security of cyberspace, and disaster resilience (U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2015, np). Evaluation of the homeland security system will revolve around the above-mentioned five missions of the DH S. The National Strategy for Counterterrorism states the approachRead MoreThere are many Types of Security776 Words   |  3 Pagesarchitectural system. This type of study helps more than simple businesses, governments everywhere take the information into consideration when creating or changing their system. For example, the U.S. government is wrote about in the article Defending America in Cyberspace where it is said that the government continues to improve its ability to understand vulnerabilities of their networks, cyberenviorment and the capabilities of adversaries. (23) Unfortunately, throughout Isazadeh and companies researchRead MoreImportance of Cyber Security1744 Words   |  7 PagesThe nation has become dependent on technology, furthermore, cyberspace. It’s encompassed in everything we deliver in our daily lives, our phones, internet, communication, purchases, entertainment, flying airplane, launching missiles, operating nuclear plants, and implicitly, our protecti on. The more ever-growing technology empower Americans, the more they become prey to cyber threats. The United States Executive Office of the President stated, â€Å"The President identified cybersecurity as one ofRead MoreCyber Security : An Analysis2290 Words   |  10 Pages21st Century standards. Cyberspace Cyberspace is defined as ?The national environment in which communication over computer networks occur.? Cyberspace is a wide range of virtual networks that communicate with one another through broadband networks. Cyberspace allows for multiple kinds of activities such as: instant messaging, emails, e-commerce, national security, social media, providing services, powering our homes?to name a few. In summary, cyberspace is the internet we use on a day-to-dayRead MoreHomeland Security And Defense Security Essay1199 Words   |  5 Pagesother you are defending. So, wouldn’t you think that homeland defense and homeland security would be the same? You would, but they are not. Homeland defense is the of its self is the infrastructure used to defend us against any sort of external threat. Whereas Homeland Security is the strategy that is used with to combat these sort of things. It goes without saying that the primary mission of homeland security and defense, is to protect the citi zens of the United States of America. Within the missionRead MoreHomeland Security And Homeland Defense1321 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction Since the September 11, 2001 events, the United States of America gravitated towards a more aggressive approach in its security. The result of the tragic events was the establishment of homeland security. The White House, the federal government and the Congress joined together to establish it. On September 20, 2001, President George W. Bush issued an executive order 13228 to establish an Office of Homeland Security within the White House and assigning the Governor of PennsylvaniaRead MoreEssay on Violent Athletes2572 Words   |  11 Pagessite, www.BasketBrawl.us, a radio clip from conservative talk show host Rush Limbaugh and a TV news clip from ABC News titled: Where are the role models? This question, regarding the lack of role models in sports, doesn’t get asked often in cyberspace. Here sports junkies pay little attention to the consequences of professional athletes actions. This was apparent after viewing the Web site www.BasketBrawl.us, which is devoted solely to the Pacers-Pistons brawl. Created by a NBA fan, this siteRead MoreThe Threat Of Cyber Security4382 Words   |  18 Pagesany means, but will address the critical steps necessary for public organizations to develop and strengthen current cyber network security to 21st Century standards. What is Cyberspace? The Oxford Dictionaries define Cyberspace as ?The national environment in which communication over computer networks occur.? Cyberspace is a vast array of virtual networks that communicate with one another through broadband networks; it allows for a variety of activities such as e-commerce, emails, instant messagingRead MoreTerrorist Attacks On The United States Of Homeland Security2742 Words   |  11 PagesSecurity our borders, and even our cyberspace is safer. We, as citizens of the United States of America, can worry less about terroristic threats on our lives. Homeland Security has proven themselves and effectively executed the five core missions that protect us in our everyday lives; these core missions are to prevent terrorism by enhancing security, secure and manage our borders, enforce and administer our immigration laws, safeguard and secure cyberspace, and ensure resilience to disasters

Life of Pi book Free Essays

In the book, Life of Pi[1], Yann Martel proposes many religious differences, and similarities from religions located around the world. These questions ask such things as, is it possible to be a multi-religion person? Are all religions different? How are some religions the same? Life of Pi was written in 2002 and is a fascinating story of how a young man, Pi Patel, makes it in a world with his own personal beliefs. He adopts the three major religions of the world being Hinduism, Christianity, and Islam. We will write a custom essay sample on Life of Pi book or any similar topic only for you Order Now Life of Pi is a very questioning book at times and has the capability of persuading nonbelievers to re-evaluate their religious thought process and beliefs. After reading this book you will be comfortable in the knowledge that you will have on other religions, and just may judge them differently. One of the questions that surfaces in this book is â€Å"can a person believe in more than one religion? † The author uses the Christian, Islam, and Hindu religions all in one character to represent the different struggles that Pi Patel is facing within him self, just as animals were used as symbolic representation for people in the first story. As for the question itself, a person cannot believe in more than one religion at a time. This is shown when the three holy men meet Pi in the park and they argue over his religious practices. While arguing Pi’s father reminds the three holy men that â€Å"there is freedom for practice of whatever religion in this country†[2]. The holy men screamed in unison, â€Å"Yes! Practice-singular†[3]. This point supports how even the three major holy religions of the world believe that you can only have one. However, it is possible for people to change religions throughout their lives. As religions are faith based through personal convictions that come from within, you have purpose in what you believe, and therefore are only able to believe in one at a time. To say you believe in Christianity and Hinduism would be like saying you are both a communist and a progressive conservative, which are different philosophies. You have to choose one religion or another, just as in this story you need to believe the first story or the second story, and you cannot believe that both of these events occurred. A person cannot believe two tales of the same legend. The second story with people resembles culture within North America and how everything in the North American world is looked at as bare facts. Most people only believe things that they can see with there own eyes, or feel with there own hands. Starting from our education as children, to jobs in adulthood, knowledge of bare facts measures how much we are capable of doing. In math you add numbers that have relevance to our society, in science pre-determined experiments with actions or re-actions occur, as well as predictions and conclusions. Everything MUST have an answer. If there is a topic to which we do not have an answer we dig for scientific answers, and refuse to accept folk tales or stories from higher powers. In an area of the world with steadily declining religious numbers[4], we need to exercise our faith and imaginations. We all need to have an open and searching mind like that of a younger child. Pi Patel shows just how blunt and â€Å"factual†[5] North America people are by telling the second story, including the murder of people on a lifeboat. Murder is something we can all relate to, thus making the second story â€Å"the right story†[6] to most people. After the second story of realism, many people feel the first story to be a waste of time, showing again just how North American people struggle to explore the imaginative or symbolic side of things. Everybody justifies their respective view by saying, â€Å"that’s not even possible†[7] or â€Å"I’d have to see it to believe it†[8]. The first and second story connects in a way of showing resemblances between the two major religions of the world, Christianity and Islam. The purpose of this is to show how alike Islam followers are to Christian followers. They share most of the same religious views, with very minor differences in stories of interpretations. They also share many of the same characters, such as Jesus, who is God’s son. Jesus sends messages from God and heals people in Christianity, and in Islam a prophet shares the word of God. These two parts in the story show just how different the two religions are, yet are so similar. The first story also shows how, in the eastern world, the people are much more imaginative, by using Hindu and its animals to add a twist to create the first story. It uses the animals to also describe the real people that were on the boat such as the Orangutan, Pi’s mother. In Hindu a person who is caring and involved in religious studies has the possibility of becoming a monkey after death[9]. Pi’s mom was a very caring person who was against the eating of the zebra, or the young sailor. A zebra is looked at as an honest, friendly, and creative person because of his stripes[10]. By using these animals he is trying to show just how North American culture is so bare factual. This story parallels our own personal internal struggles as well as the struggles of different cultures and religions in the world. We begin to understand we have to ultimately face and deal with our own struggles, allowing us to come to terms with our own beliefs, where we are at in our own lives and how we fit into our culture. This story could be interpreted with different meanings by different people, but ultimately causes the kind of thought that moves us forward in terms of who we will become. The purpose of this story is to show the similarities of some religions, and also to show that the things that are different, are not so different after all. This is a book attempting to change minds on religious discrimination and indifferences. Reference http://www.religioustolerance.org/chr_prac2.htm How to cite Life of Pi book, Essay examples

Metaphysics in Hamlet Essay Example For Students

Metaphysics in Hamlet Essay Of all the plays by William Shakespeare, Hamlet deals the most with what lies beyond this terrestrial sphere. In the words of Michael Neil, Hamlet a prolonged meditation on death. It is a study of life beyond death, in the metaphysics of the eternal soul, the afterlife, and the eternal consequences of temporal causes. Characters in the play are obsessed by the afterlife. Hamlets fixation on suicide is possibly the most obvious example of this. In one of his soliloquies, he confesses his desire that this too too sullied flesh would melt Or that the Everlasting had not oxide/ His canon against self-slaughter (l, I, 129-32). These are not the ravings off delusional man; at this point in the proceedings Hamlet is still sane. He really would kill himself if he did not believe that it was the unforgivable sin. Later in the play, Hamlet reveals that he thinks a lot of people would end their own lives if they werent scared of eternal punishment when he says, To die, to sleep/ To sleep- perchance to dream: ay, theres the rub,] For in that sleep of death what dreams may come Must give us pause For who would bear the whips and scorns of time When he himself eight his quietus make/ With a bare bodkin? (Ill, I, 64-76). If not for the need to avenge his father, Hamlet might be dead already. All his focus in life has to do with death in some way, and in this sense, Harold Blooms statement that We know the ethos of disinterestedness only because we know Hamlet. is true. Claudia too has an obsession with the afterlife. Unlike his nephew, the king shows a lack of regard for the state of his eternal soul. Even when he knows he needs to be forgiven, he is not willing to repent. He finds he cannot give up the rewards of his sin and is well aware hat Words without thoughts never to heaven go. (Ill, iii, 98). The king has sealed the Faustian bargain, and even more firmly secured his position as the detested villain of Hamlet. After this, Claudia no longer even contemplates purifying his soul, and eventually dies in sin. Alerts follows a similar path to the kings. He, like Hamlet, feels the urge to avenge his fathers murder. Unlike Hamlet, Alerts immediately takes action, and is immediately willing to through away his own soul for revenge. When he tells Claudia, l dare damnation / Let come what comes, only Ill be avenged (V, v, 133-5), Alerts makes his own deal with the devil. However, while he is dying, Alerts goes through mea culpa when he admits that he is Justly killed with own treachery. (V, I, 296). He realizes his sin and is humble enough to beg Hamlet for forgiveness. Hamlets line Heaven make thee free of it! (V, it, 321) indicates that Alerts does indeed achieve catharsis, and dies a forgiven and redeemed man. The Ghost opens a window into a dimension beyond earthly life that is unique in all Shakespearean plays. The Ghosts eerie descriptions of his daytime abode depicts a regulatory similar to Dents Purgatorial when he says, My hour is almost come/ When I to sulfurous and tormenting flames/ Must render myself. (l, v, 2-4). Part of Hamlets motivation to kill Claudia is to free his father from those tortures, but writers like A. C. Bradley still ask Why did Shakespeare here, so much against his custom, introduce this reference to another life? Indeed, the window into purgatory is unique in all of Shakespearean plays, but so is a ghost that is not merely a even with the insight into purgatory that he provides, the afterlife is still depicted as n ominous unknown. Even Hamlet, the great intellectual, admits that the thought of what will happen to the soul after death puzzles the will (Ill, I, 80). .u3e9d7e59bf6980caf0f7c18f0cc38b8e , .u3e9d7e59bf6980caf0f7c18f0cc38b8e .postImageUrl , .u3e9d7e59bf6980caf0f7c18f0cc38b8e .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3e9d7e59bf6980caf0f7c18f0cc38b8e , .u3e9d7e59bf6980caf0f7c18f0cc38b8e:hover , .u3e9d7e59bf6980caf0f7c18f0cc38b8e:visited , .u3e9d7e59bf6980caf0f7c18f0cc38b8e:active { border:0!important; } .u3e9d7e59bf6980caf0f7c18f0cc38b8e .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3e9d7e59bf6980caf0f7c18f0cc38b8e { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3e9d7e59bf6980caf0f7c18f0cc38b8e:active , .u3e9d7e59bf6980caf0f7c18f0cc38b8e:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3e9d7e59bf6980caf0f7c18f0cc38b8e .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3e9d7e59bf6980caf0f7c18f0cc38b8e .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3e9d7e59bf6980caf0f7c18f0cc38b8e .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3e9d7e59bf6980caf0f7c18f0cc38b8e .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3e9d7e59bf6980caf0f7c18f0cc38b8e:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3e9d7e59bf6980caf0f7c18f0cc38b8e .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3e9d7e59bf6980caf0f7c18f0cc38b8e .u3e9d7e59bf6980caf0f7c18f0cc38b8e-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3e9d7e59bf6980caf0f7c18f0cc38b8e:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: In order to provide effective guidance for Lisa EssayAccording to Cedi Watts, Hamlet is more puzzled than he should be. In the opinion of Watts, terms the region after death The undiscovered country, from whose bourn/ No traveler returns , even though he has recently talked to an apparition who purports to be a traveler returning from that country. However, Hamlets statement may not be an error on Shakespearean part, but further evidence f Hamlets stunned disbelief that he has Just seen his fathers ghost, disbelief that leads to the play within the play. Though the prince may sound as if he thinks understands the nature of the Ghost when he says, There are more things in heaven and earth, Horopito/ Than are dreamt of in your philosophy. (l, v, 166-7), but in truth he requires empirical evidence in order to believe the supernatural. In this way Shakespeare can put a view of the afterlife into Hamlet, and still keep the tragedy down to earth. Another metaphysical element of Hamlet is the idea that the fate of the eternal OLL can be determined by the living. For example, when Hamlet believes Claudia is praying, he decides to wait to kill his uncle until hes sinning. If Claudia has Just done penance, then his soul would go to heaven, and he would never be Doomed for a certain term to walk the night,] And for the day confined to fast fires,] Till the foul crimes done in days of nature/ Are burnt and purged away. (l, v, 10-3). Hamlet believes that if he finds the king performing some act That has no relish of salvation mint-/ Then trip him That his soul may be as damned and black/ As hell, whereto it goes. (Ill, iii, 89-95) only that would be true vengeance. While it sounds wrong that Hamlet, a mortal man, could effectively decide Classiss eternal fate, it is completely within the rules of Catholic church of Shakespearean time. The most devout believer, according to this belief, would suffer in purgatory for all the sins he had committed since his last confession. So it was with Hamlets father. The irony of Act Ill, Scene iii, is that Cla udia was surrendering his soul to the devil, not praying. Following Hamlets philosophy, that would have been the perfect time to kill the king. A second example of a souls fate being determined by humans is Aphelions death. Although Aphelions death was doubtful (V, I, 214), it was never proven to be suicide, so she still received a funeral and was buried in the church cemetery. However, a grave digger points out that If this had not been a gentlewoman, she should have been buried out o Christian burial. (V, I, 21-3). This suggests not only that the manner of a bodys burial effects the eternal soul, but a certain amount of corruption between the clergy and royalty determined whether Aphelia had committed the unforgivable sin r was innocent and headed for heaven.

Stress Buster Products on the Market Essay Example

Stress Buster Products on the Market Essay The word stress is generally referred to any factor that affects a person’s physical, physiological and emotional well being.   Medically it is defined as the sum of physical and mental responses to an unacceptable disparity between real or imagined personal experience and personal expectations [1].     Although it has been argued that normal levels of stress may be beneficial, its implications, especially on health, are many. During stress, an important hormone, cortisol, is secreted by the adrenal glands. In childbirth, social bonding, and other situations the body naturally releases its own stress buster chemical,   oxytocin hormone, to reduce cortisol levels and facilitate the release of dopamine, which is responsible for a feeling of wellness and excitement [2].   This observation by medical professionals has inspired the marketing of a nasal spray oxytocin hormone, as a stress buster. Oxytocin is a peptide of nine amino acids (a nonapeptide). The sequence is cysteine tyrosine isoleucine glutamine asparagine cysteine proline leucine glycine (CYIQNCPLG). The cysteine residues form a sulfur bridge. Oxytocin has a molecular mass of 1007 daltons.   Synthetic oxytocin is sold under the trade names Pitocin and Syntocinon and also as generic Oxytocin.   It can be purchased online as OxyCalmâ„ ¢ and is marketed by OC International to help promote relaxation, improve mood and enhance inner p eace and tranquility, and for quitting smoking. The cost is $24.94 for 2 oz of the product. We will write a custom essay sample on Stress Buster Products on the Market specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Stress Buster Products on the Market specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Stress Buster Products on the Market specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Other products are aimed at counteracting the secondary health effects of stress rather than the chemical imbalance that initiates them. Once such product is the Deluxe Stress Buster Vitality and Exercise Machine which includes an integrated Neck massager, a Far Infared Ray illuminator integrated into the foot massager, and 6 Bio-Magnets integrated into a soft neck and foot rest. The goal of this product is to increase oxygen flow to tissues which is a side effect of stress, and may initiate biochemical imbalances that lead to poor health. This machine is inspired by the observation that the most effective way to acquire a sufficient amount of oxygen is to be in motion, since this stimulates the sympathetic nervous system and expands the bronchus to increase oxygen intake volume. Massage stimulation to the sympathetic nervous system using the machine should also open up the bronchioles to provide maximum oxygen access to the lungs, simultaneously the blood flow to and from the lungs is increased, enhancing oxygen exchange from the lungs to the blood and therefore to the body cells, to excite cellular metabolism. Another effect of this machine is Spinal Balancing.   With the body relaxed in the lying position with no weight on the spine, the massage unit will influence a correction to certain conditions of mis-alignment. Such corrective action can in turn cure or alleviate complications arising in the vertebral joints from certain spinal mis-alignment. The net result is an improvement in the person’s Immune System, since these procedures seem to stimulate immunoglobulin production which increases the immune systems defense capacity, stimulates blood production, and rebalances the parasympathetic and sympathetic nervous systems. Without this, insomnia, excessive dreaming, digestive problems, stomach pain, palpitation, anxiety, constipation, neurasthenia and extensive forms of aches and pains as well as mental stress may surface. This product is available through online marketing for $299 from Tools for Wellness. A more believable and practical product is Stress Buster ergonomic software. This is a break reminder software, designed to prevent Repetitive Strain Injury (RSI) and other computer related health problems such as carpel tunnel syndrome, tenosynovitis and tendinitis – often referred to as upper limb disorders, musculoskeletal disorders, Occupational Overuse Syndrome (OOS), computer related injuries, or Cumulative Trauma Disorders, or CTD [3-4]. Additionally, there is a condition known as diffuse Repetitive Strain Injury which is more difficult to define but which has also been attributed to nerve damage. The conditions are similar to sports injuries such as tennis elbow. Repetitive strain injuries have been documented for over 300 years, but their prevalence has exploded since the introduction of personal computers into the workplace in the 1970s initially without any thought given to ergonomic design. They are almost always occupational in origin. The condition can occur in upper and lower limbs and can also affect the spine in various areas, resulting in referred pain in the limbs. There are various symptoms including sharp pains, dull aches, numbness, tingling, weakness, loss of grip and restricted movement. These symptoms can often result in people being incapable of carrying out some of the simplest tasks, such as opening a jar, at home or in the workplace. The software product runs quietly in the background of your computer, monitoring your activity and reminding you to take regular breaks. Key features include three levels of breaks: Short Pause, Short Break and Long Break, the ability to tailor the break timings to suit your own preferences and working environment, monitors your computer usage and advises breaks when they are necessary, shows a progress indicator for break time remaining , has a snooze or ignore breaks option, has an optional lock to enforce breaks, has the ability to associate breaks with sounds, runs automatically each time you log on to Windows, and includes a comprehensive help including ergonomic advice. This product is marketed on line and to encourage purchases, and increase buyer confidence in the product, the buyer can download and try Stress Buster for free for 60 days.   Also included in the Stress Buster Kit are a Seminar Video of an actual Stress Buster presentation , the Stress Buster Seminar Workboo k, the Stress Buster Journal, a Stress Ball , and 90 Days Free e-mail support. To increase the value of this product for the consumer these added materials aim to help the customer understand their reactions to stress, techniques to lower stress when faced with difficult people, how to evaluate stress creating expectations, how to use humor to relieve stress, how to clarify your personal, work, couple and family stresses, how to improve coping skills, and how to keep a Stress Buster journal and learn from it.   This product is available for only   $10 dollars from ThreadBuilder, a   Manchester UK, based company with over 20 years information technology experience in a wide variety of industry sectors from manufacturing through local government to banking, using a diverse selection of technologies such as Visual Basic, ActiveX, Com, Java, Oracle and SQL Server.

A maid up ending of the Cask of Amontillado (i got Essays - Fiction

A maid up ending of the Cask of Amontillado (i got Essays - Fiction A maid up ending of the Cask of Amontillado (i got an A-) There was none At precisely 10:30 A.M. I got a call from a Mr. Machiano saying while renovating a palazzo his men found the bones of a human. When I got to the scene one of his employees showed me to the bones. The clothes were still on the carcass. I asked Mr. Machiano how the body was discovered, "My men were knocking down the walls and one of them found a skeleton with its clothes on, and thats when I called you." I asked whom he bought the palace from. "A man I would say in his early eighties, named Montresor." I then left to learn about this person.. I found out that he is living with a cousin right near his old home. I decided to stop by and ask him a few questions hoping he will remember or know something. After about an hour of getting "I do not know. What are you talking about? Please leave." I realized this was a waste of time and decided to go. Later that night while eating dinner I decided the next morning I would go back to the crime scene to check for clues. The next morning I called Mr. Machiano and asked him to meet me at the palazzo. As I approached the body I began to feel a little queasy from last nights dinner but luckily I brought some herbal tea to help soothe my stomach. Anyway, I began to search the ground around the body hoping to find some clues. I noticed a gold bracelet on the ground near the body, and it read Montrsor. I decided to do a little more research on this man. I went to the station and asked the secretary to show me the file on any person missing for more than 20 years. The list only had about five people on it with a brief description. There was a man by the name of Fortunato on it who has been missing for about 50 years. He was last seen wearing a motley. I then put two and two together and after some investigation, I found out that the carcass was indeed Fortunato. Later that afternoon I decided to visit Mrs. Fortunato. She took the news pretty well, but I guess she had a feeling he was dead She said "The last time I saw him was fifty years ago during carnival season." I went back to Montresors house and told him that "Next to Fortunatos body was a gold bracelet with your name on it." He still claimed to have nothing to do with the murder and had no idea how his bracelet got near the body. "It must have fallen off and sunk into the mortar." When I said that I could sense his nervousness. I asked him if he was okay, then I heard him mumble something. I asked him to say that louder I could not quite hear that. He said "I killed him, and I do not even regret it." He kept the murder a secret all these years because he did not want to go to jail. "Now you are definitely going to jail." I felt kind of bad bringing an eighty year old person to jail, but I had no choice. Epilogue Four years later Montresor died. The Trumpino Towers was completed and a big success!

Dry Ice Composition and Uses

Dry Ice Composition and Uses Dry ice is the general term for solid carbon dioxide (CO), coined in 1925 by Long Island-based Prest Air Devices. Though originally a trademarked term, dry ice has become the most common way of referring to carbon dioxide in its solid, or frozen, state. How Is Dry Ice Manufactured? Carbon dioxide is frozen by compressing carbon dioxide gas to a high pressure to create dry ice. When it is released, as liquid carbon dioxide, it quickly expands and evaporates, cooling some of the carbon dioxide down to the freezing point (-109.3 F or -78.5 C) so that it becomes solid snow. This solid can be compressed together into blocks, pellets, and other forms. Such dry ice snow also forms on the nozzle of a carbon dioxide fire extinguisher when it is used. Special Properties of Dry Ice Under normal atmospheric pressure, dry ice undergoes the process of sublimation, transitioning directly from solid to gaseous form. In general, at room temperature and normal pressure, it sublimates at a rate of 5 to 10 pounds every 24 hours. Because of the very low temperature of dry ice, it is used for refrigeration. Packing frozen food in dry ice allows it to remain frozen without the mess that would be involved with other cooling methods, such as water from melted ice. Several Uses of Dry Ice Cooling materials- food, biological samples, perishable items, computer components, etc.Dry ice fog (see below)Cloud seeding to increase precipitation from existing clouds or decreasing cloud thicknessTiny pellets can be shot at surfaces to clean them, similar to sanding ... since it sublimates, the benefit is less residue to clean upVarious other industrial uses Dry Ice Fog One of the most popular uses of dry ice is in special effects, to create fog and smoke. When combined with water, it sublimates into a cold mixture of carbon dioxide and humid air, which causes condensation of water vapor in the air, forming fog. Warm water speeds up the process of sublimation, producing more dramatic fog effects. Such devices can be used to make a smoke machine, although simplified versions of this could be created by putting dry ice in water and using fans on low settings. Safety Instructions Do not taste, eat or swallow! Dry ice is very cold and can damage your body.Wear heavy, insulated gloves. Since dry ice is cold, it can damage even your skin, giving you frostbite.Do not store in sealed container. Because dry ice constantly sublimates into carbon dioxide gas, storing it in a sealed container will cause pressure to build up. If it builds up enough, the container could explode.Use only in ventilated space. In a poorly ventilated area, the build up of carbon dioxide could create a suffocation hazard. This is a great danger when transporting the dry ice in a vehicle.Carbon dioxide is heavier than air. It will sink to the floor. Keep this in mind when thinking about how to make the space ventilated. Obtaining Dry Ice You can buy dry ice at most grocery stores. You have to ask for it, though. Sometimes there might be an age requirement on buying dry ice, requiring someone age 18 or over. Edited by Anne Marie Helmenstine, Ph.D.

Roman Art Plaza Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Roman Art Plaza - Essay Example Fontana del Nettuno or the Fountain of Neptune is found at the north end of the piazza. This fountain was designed in 1574 by Giacomo della Porta and sponsored by Pope Gregory XIII. The fountain is composed of a basin made of white marble and on top are mythological nereids or sea nymphs and the god Neptune wrestling with an octopus. Overall, the three fountains in the Piazza Navona are antiquities that show the craftsmanship of the Romans. The piazza, with its unique and precious landscape, may be unparalleled for its beauty. Notably, however, the subjects of the sculptures are all male. This reflects the power of the male figure in the Renaissance time, and in turn, the elites because they were the ones who had access to education and the arts. Apparently, the cost of materials used to construct the fountains reveals the elitist view of both the Church and the government. The said fountains now serve as legacies of art but at the time they were constructed, the common people did no t have enough to eat, thus they resisted the construction of the Fontana Dei Quattro. In response, the government was after prestige and power, thus it held a stiff look at the qualms of the people. In many works, the Renaissance people lavishly proved their high taste in art, which later earned them prestige and praise. The Piazza Navona strictly conforms with High Renaissance requirements of drama, physical presence and balance. In particular, the facial expressions and hand gestures of the statues.

Understanding organisation theory and practice Essay - 1

Understanding organisation theory and practice - Essay Example The findings of the report highlighted issues related to operations and structures of Qantas and Virgin airlines, economic factors, and the role of the government. In addition, the report also gave several recommendations that were geared towards optimizing the bottom line of the companies and dealing with hurdles that surface in the cause of operations. Qantas and Virgin airlines have encountered several challenges that stem from their internal and external environment. The challenges can be attributed to impacts of globalisation and advancement of technology. The management approach that they have often employed depending on the prevailing situation is the use of contingency theory approach. The report focuses only on the contingency management approaches of the Qantas and Virgin airlines. It does not incorporate other management theories that the two airlines (Qantas and Virgin) employ in their operations. The significant continual growth of Virgin brand across borders is a reflection of the success of the airlines’ success in its management approaches. The unique structure of the airline makes it difficult to designate a specific/particular management approaches in its operations. However, the contingency management approach is perceived to be the main approach for the success of the operations of the airline. Its management is usually reorganised to commensurate with arising contemporary situations hence decision making being based on situational analysis. Virgin’s current model of contingency planning explores both internal and external factors, ensuring employee morale and motivation are not neglected in times of external contingencies. The models of management are integrated to align with the market trends aimed at mitigating risks and changes, and ultimate optimisation of profit. The business has not only grown beyond the borders and gained competitive leverage inc lusive of the diversification of its operations but has also been an

What motivates employees

What motivates employees Gaining the knowledge of what motivates employees and how they were motivated was the focus of many researchers following the publication of the Hawthorne Study results (Terpstra, 1979). The literature review on this research intends to discover the current theories and issues in relations to work motivation throughout the literature sources. It is important to understand what motivation actually is, and more specially the term work motivation. The literature review will look at four major motivational theories. They are:- Maslows need-hierarchy theory, Herzbergs two- factor theory, Adams equity theory and Vrooms expectancy theory. They are Maslows need-hierarchy theory, and Herzbergs two- factor theory are needs based motivational theory, commonly known as content theories. These theories explain that human needs change with time. People have certain needs and desires to achieve and those needs and desires change over a period of time. Adams equity theory and Vrooms expectancy theory are collectively known as cognitive theories. These theories will examine the employees behaviour in terms of performance and compare their performance and rewards with others. According to Maslow, employees needs have five levels (Maslow, 1943). It is based on the hypothesis that human needs are capable of being exhaustible. Satisfactory achievement of the first level of needs leads to the next level. Once a particular need has been satisfied, that need will no longer be a driving force of motivation. Herzbergs considered motivation into two factors: motivators and hygiene (Herzberg, Mausner, Snyderman, 1959). According to this theory people are influenced by two factors. These factors are Motivators and hygiene. Achievement, recognition, the work itself, responsibility, advancement and growth were included in the motivation factors and dissatisfying factors largely from non-job related factors such as company policies, salary, co-worker relations and supervisory styles (Steers and Porter 2001). These theories will help to understand the various factors which influence the employees of the organisation. Adams equity theory focuses on peoples reactions to the fairness of outcome they receive in relations to their perception of the inputs they provide, especially when compared to the perceived outcomes/inputs that others receive. (Porter et al., 2001). According to Adams theory equity is achieved when the ratio of employee outcomes over inputs is equal to other employee outcomes over inputs (Adams, 1965). This theory will provide more understanding towards motivational difference between permanent and temporary staff of the organisation. Vrooms theory supports that employee effort will lead to performance and performance will lead to rewards (Vroom, 1964). The rewards can be either positive or negative, but the more positive reward will lead the employee to work more motivated and conversely, the more negative the reward the less likely the employee will be motivated. In MS money call centre (MS), permanent and temporary staffs are performing the same duties, expected to meet the same target and trained to perfume the duties in the same way, reword system is different in terms of bonus, pension, company discount card and other non monetary rewards. By taking this into consideration and applying the selected four theories in this environment. Both groups employees must show a difference in motivation in line with Adams equity theory and also will be on different stages in relations to Maslows need-hierarchy theory. The research will also explain what they expect as a permanent / temporary employee working for MS in line with Vrooms expectancy theory. Two factor theory will explain how much influence each motivation factor have on all the employees. 3.3.1. References: Adair, J. (1990) Understanding Motivation. London: The Talbot Adair Press. Adams, J. S. (1965) Inequity in social exchange. In L. Berkowitz. Advances in experimental social psychology. New York: Academic Press. Arkin, A. (1997) People Management, Call Centre Stress, Vol 3 Issues 6, 22-27 Arnold, J., Cooper, C., Robertson, I.T. (1998) Work Psychology, Understanding human behaviour in the workplace, third edition. Essex: Pearson Education Limited Collis, J. Hussey, R (1997) Business research: a practical guide for undergraduate and postgraduate students, second edition. New York: Palgrave Macmillan Fisher, C. (2004) Researching and writing a dissertation: A guidebook for business students, second edition. Essex: Pearson Education Limited. Fletcher, C. (1993) Appraisal: Routes to improved performance, second edition. London: IPD House. Gillham, B. (2000) Developing a questionnaire: Real world research, second edition. New York: Contimuum International Publishing group Hertzberg, F. (1968) One More Time: How do you motive employees? Harvard Business review, 53-62 Hertzberg, F., Manunser, B. and Synderman B (1959), The Motivation in Work. New York: John Wiley and Sons Ltd. Herzberg, F., Mausner, B., Snyderman, B, B. (1959) The motivation to work. New York: John Wiley Sons. Holman, D.J. (2002) Human Resource Management Journal, Employees well being in call centres, Vol 7 Jones, F., Burke, R. J., Westman, M. (2006) Work-Life balance: psychological perspective. Sussex: Psychology press. Katzell, Yankelovich (1975) Compensation Benefits Review, Pay vs Work Motivation and Job Satisfaction, Vol 8, 54-66 Kruger, D.J. (2003) The Community Psychologist, Integrating quantitative and qualitative methods in community research, Vol 36, 18-19 Lindner, J, R. (1998) Understanding Employee Motivation. Vol 36, issue 3, June. Luthans, F. (1998) Organisational Behaviour 8th edition. Boston: Irwin McGraw-Hill Marshall, C,. Rossman, G. (1999) Designing Qualitative Research third edition. London: Sage Publication Ltd Maslow, A.H. (1954) Motivation and Personality. Harper and Row Publishers, New York: New York Miguel, A,. Quinones Ehrenstein, A. (1996) Training for a rapidly changing workplace: application of psychological research. Washington: American psychology association. Mullins, L. J. (2002) Management and Organisational Behaviour, 6th Edition. London: Prentice Hall. Myers, M.D. (2002) Qualitative Research in Business Management. London: Sage Publications. Porter, L. W., Bigley, G.A., Steers R, M. (1975) Motivation and work behaviour. New York: Irwin McGraw-Hill Porter, L.W., Lawler, E.E. (1968) Managerial attitudes and performance. Homewood II: Irwin Rose, E. (2002) The Journal of Industrial Relations, The labour process and union commitments within a banking services call centre, Vol 44, Issue 1, 40-61 Rose, Ed. (2001 Employment relations, second edition. Essex: Pearson Education Limited Saunders, Lewis Thornhill (2007) Research methods for business students, third edition, Essex: Pearson Education Limited Smith, K. Toddd, M. Waldman, J (2009) Doing your undergraduate social science dissertation. Oxon: Routledge Terpstra, D. E. (1979) Theories of motivation: borrowing the best. Personnel Journal, 58. 376. Vroom, V. (1992) Management motivation. second edition. London: penguin books ltd Vroom, V. H. (1964) Work and motivation. New York: John Wiley and Sons Ltd. 5. Outline Methodology: After the literature review and background study of the call centre environment, a positivist approach has been adapted to the research. Even though, motivation is considered as a subjective factor, the background study of the call centre environment is compared and addressed similar to battery- farming condition (Arkin 1997) with characteristic of tailorism. The most important reason for selecting positivist approach is, that this research is testing the four theories of motivation mentioned in literature review in call centre in permanent and temporary employees, which falls in line with Myers, M.D (2002) argument that positivist generally attempt to test theory. The research method used to collect primary data is a semi structured questionnaire with open and closed questions. Secondary data will be gathered from organisation through human resource department on recruitment statistics and also from survey results previously conducted by the organisation. The questionnaire includes open and closed questions, both categorical and quantifiable. All the questions are statistically analysed by using codes and excel spreadsheet and will be presentable through bar charts/pie charts. The positivist approach of testing theory and using quantifiable data collecting methods falls into the deductive approach which falls in line with positivism (Saunders et al. 2007)